WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law, speaks during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, and Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Sen. Ron Johnson, (R-WI) asks questions during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing.

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, listens during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Ranking Member Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI) speaks during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), listens during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, listens during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing.

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), speaks during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 15: Former Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, senior fellow for homeland security and immigration at the Center for Renewing America, speaks during the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Second Amendment hearing in Dirksen Senate Office Building on April 15, 2026 in Washington, DC. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY), Erich Pratt, senior vice president of Gun Owners of America, Dudley Brown, president of the National Association for Gun Rights, and Stephen I. Vladeck, professor at Georgetown Law are testifying during the hearing. (Photo by Luke Johnson/Getty Images)